bioelectrical impedance pros and cons

bioelectrical impedance pros and cons

Demura S, Sato S. Comparisons of accuracy of estimating percent body fat by four bioelectrical impedance devices with different frequency and induction system of electrical current. Nyboer and J. 30, pp. R. Moon, Body composition in athletes and sports nutrition: an examination of the bioimpedance analysis technique, European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. analysis (BIA) as a reference in the measurement of height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) were 2.78, 5.31, and 2.25, respectively; predicted data from the radar highly agreed with those from the BIA. In this study, the home-use body fat scales either overestimated or underestimated BFPs. what are pros and cons of bioelectrical impedance? 903-907, 1989. 11, no. One study looked at the accuracy of weight and height estimation by ICU nurses and physicians. BIA is likely to misrepresent changes over time, potentially missing significant changes in body composition, or suggesting changes that havent occurred. It is an integral part of a health and nutrition assessment. The reliability of BIA It measures body fat accurately in controlled clinical conditions but its performance in the field is inconsistent. However, the body fat scale that the researchers tested did not use accurate formulas to estimate BFP. However, BIA should not be used by anyone with an electronic medical implant, such as a heart pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). By Charlie BeestoneMay 20th, 2018 | 16 min read. 74-78, 2005. They speculated that changes in glycogen stores, and the loss of water bound to glycogen molecules, may affect BIA estimates of fat-free mass. A. Sedensky, Bioelectrical impedance during renal dialysis, Nephrology Dialysis Transportation, vol. However, it does have some limitations. muscle, fat, bone, etc.) BMI also does not take into account a persons muscle mass. Cons. Understanding how much fat and muscle make up the body can be an important tool for people looking to track their overall health. Pros: BIA is easy to measure and can be done fully clothed. Typically, the most expensive options provide the most accurate estimates. Bioelectrical impedance analysis; Body composition; Elderly; Prediction equations. A weak electrical current is run through the body to identify the speed of conductivity based on total water in the body which correlates to body fat percentage. BIA scales estimate body fat percentage using bioelectrical impedance analysis. Verywell Fit articles are reviewed by board-certified physicians and nutrition and exercise healthcare professionals. Body Mass Index (BMI) measures how healthy your weight is, based on your height. This is supported by the findings of Van Marken Lichtenbelt et al., [10], who reported an 8% individual error rate when comparing BIA with the four-compartment model. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a valid method for the assessment of body composition. F. Kushner, R. Gudivaka and D. A. Schoeller, Clinical characteristics influencing bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. From the results of this assessment method, the manufacturer constructs an equation using the individual variables mentioned previously to determine what the body fat would be. The device then uses other data such as your height, gender, andweight measurements to determine your body fat percentage. Several methods have been used to assess body composition in humans, each with advantages and drawbacks surrounding cost, validity, reliability, and accessibility (for more information on the methods of body composition assessment and their uses, click here). The Bioelectrical Impedance (BIA) Equations Estimates of body composition using BIA are facilitated using empirically validated equations, which consider variables including gender, race, height, weight, and age. Bielectrical Impedence Analysis (BIA) BIA is based on the concept that electric current flows through the body at different rates depending on its composition [15]. 77, pp. Several BIA modalities are available: single-frequency BIA (SFBIA), multifrequency BIA (MFBIA), and bioelectrical impedance spectroscopy (BIS). R. Clark, C. Bartok, J. C. Sullivan and D. A. Schoeller, Minimum Weight Prediction Methods CrossValidated, Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise Science, vol. Bioelectrical impedance analysis enables a rapid and safe assessment of body water. 44, pp. The principal of BIA is that the different tissues in the body will act as conductors, semi-conductors, or dielectrics (insulators). . Hall, Body composition assessment of athletes using bioelectrical impedance measurements, Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, pp. Higher values could indicate an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. This is done under the assumption that 73% of the bodys fat-free mass is water, and that this remains constant over time and between individuals. A. Bergsma-Kadijk, B. Baumeister and P. Deurenberg, Measurement of body fat in young and elderly women: comparison between a four-compartment model and widely used reference methods., British Journal of Nutrition, vol. BodPod, skinfold, BIA and hydrostatic weighing) Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is an afford-able, noninvasive, easy-to-operate, portable, and fast (assess-ments can be made within 5-10 min) alternative for assessingsegmental or whole body SM (15, 19, 31, 38, 40) and so maybe a practical method for assessing SM in the elderly, althoughthe technique has not been fully validated in this Despite being popular in many commercial gyms and within epidemiological research on group body composition, BIA does not appear to provide a valid single- or repeated-measure of body composition for athletes. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an easy-to-use and low-cost method for the estimation of fat-free mass (FFM) in physiological and pathological conditions. hypohydrated), indicating that even small changes in fluid balance that occur with endurance training may be interpreted as change in body fat content. If you have eaten before the measurement, the measurement should be performed at least 2 hours apart. Exercise can help a person lose fat and gain muscle. Scharfetter, T. Schlager, R. Stollberger, R. Felsberger, H. Hutten and H. Hinghofer-Szalkav, Assessing abdominal fatness with local bioimpedance analysis: basics and experimental findings, International Journal of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disorders, vol. Since your muscles contain mostly water, they have less resistance to this electrical current. Lemieux, D. Prudhomme, C. Bouchard, A. Tremblay and J. P. Despres, Sex differences in the relation of visceral adipose tissue accumulation to total body fatness., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. What Is Body Mass Index (BMI) and What Does It Measure? Sergi G, De Rui M, Stubbs B, Veronese N, Manzato E. Measurement of lean body mass using bioelectrical impedance analysis: a consideration of the pros and cons. Potentially of greater concern to practitioners considering the use of BIA to determine body composition in the applied setting, are the individual error rates of BIA, rather than data on group means. After controlling for factors like water density, lungs volume, and body density, you get your body fat percentage calculated. N. Gleichauf and D. A. Roe, The menstrual cycles effect on the reliability of bioimpedance measurements for assessing body composition., American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. BIA is simple, easy to use, and can in theory differentiate between fat mass and fat-free mass. 45, p. 865, 1987. It involves running a light electrical current through the body and determining body composition through the resistance of the tissues to the electrical current. Learn about the ideal body fat percentages with charts based on sex, age, and height. An official website of the United States government. The Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis works by determining the impedance which is faced by an electrical current as it passes through the human body. Bioelectrical impedance analysis devices are considered safe for most people. It measures body fat in relation to lean body mass and is said to be more accurate than BMI testing. There are a limited amount of comparisons between BIA and the reference four-compartment model in athletic populations. Pros, Cons, and Perspectives Download PDF. Eur J Clin Nutr. Increasing Muscle Mass in Elders through Diet and Exercise: A Literature Review of Recent RCTs. Home body fat scales also cannot show where a persons body fat is stored. Body mass index (BMI) uses a persons height and weight to get a general idea of whether their weight is likely to affect their health. First, the researchers used a lab-based machine called a Bod Pod to take accurate body fat measurements. It does this by combining two measures: a persons mass or weight and their volume. . What are the pros & cons of 2-, 3-, & 4-compartment body composition measurement tools? Such scales work with the help of sensors underneath your feet that use bioelectrical impedance. This can have wide-ranging implications, from assessing the efficacy of previous dietary and training interventions to making decisions on the correct interventions moving forward. Foods. Andreoli, G. Melchiorri, S. L. Volpe and A. Once again, there have to be variables, and there have to be constants. Keywords: 443-446, 2004. According to doctors, they typically overestimate or underestimate BFP by a large amount. The .gov means its official. Gagnon C, Mnard J, Bourbonnais A, et al. 459-473, 1984. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measures body composition based on the rate at which an electrical current travels through the body. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Epub 2017 Jan 12. First commercially available in the mid-1980s [1], bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is an inexpensive and portable piece of body composition testing equipment. As muscle is denser than fat, a persons body weight may actually increase as a result of exercise. Despite studies showing promising effects of BIA on body composition, this has not been found in a large body of research. Hand-to-foot BIA uses electrodes in a mounted foot-plate, as well as electrodes in hand grips, to determine whole body measurements. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is used to assess skeletal muscle mass, although its application in the elderly has not been fully established. ), The ability of BIA to accurately detect changes in athletes body composition over a period of time. Little training required for operation. There is disagreement amongst the limited research available, with only one study suggesting that BIA is suitable for assessing body composition in athletes [15], whereas other research suggests that body fat estimates are much higher in athletes when using the BIA method [16]. The pros and cons of these methods are summarized in Table 1. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a simple, inexpensive, quick and non-invasive technique for measuring body composition. Verywell Fit uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. 649-657, 1996. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA): A proposal for standardization of the classical method in adults. 50, pp. 2023 Jan 6;10:1056123. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1056123. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a valid method for the assessment of body composition. All rights reserved. Gonzalez-Correa, Clara & Caicedo-Eraso, Julio Cesar. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). E. Chouinard, D. A. Schoeller, A. C. Watras, R. Randall Clark, R. N. Close and A. C. Buchholz, Bioelectrical Impedance vs. Four-compartment Model to Assess Body Fat Change in Overweight Adults, Obesity, vol. Aging Clin Exp Res. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Samsung Galaxy Watch 5. 42, pp. 5, pp. However, there is a substantial lack of information on the practical aspects of BIA/BIVA for those primarily interested in learning how to use . The study mentioned previously on obese subjects [9] reported that in 12 of the 50 participants, BIA underestimated fat mass by 5kg or more. M. Evans, M. J. Saunders, M. A. Spano, S. A. Arngrimsson, R. D. Lewis and K. J. Cureton, Body-composition changes with diet and exercise in obese women: A comparison of estimates from clinical methods and a 4-component model, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. Hence, body resistance or impedance is used as a measure of body water. Obesity, a high degree of excess body fat, has been linked to blood pressure, heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and other disabling conditions.Excess body fat has previously been determined by measuring weight against height, but body fat is not always . 77, pp. Also, most device makers recommend that pregnant people not use the products. We begin with a definition of BMI. Some studies showed that bioelectrical impedance analysis is a reasonably accurate method for estimating body fat. A low-level electrical current is passed through the body, and the resistance (impedance) to the current is measured. 2022 Nov 8;11(22):6606. doi: 10.3390/jcm11226606. Rder H, Kvrner AS, Henriksen C, Florholmen G, Henriksen HB, Bhn SK, Paur I, Smeland S, Blomhoff R. Clin Nutr. Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) determines body composition by running small electrical currents through the body. Adverse maternal body composition has been linked to pregnancy complications including gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis is likely the measuring method you are most familiar with. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a safe and cost-efficient method that avoids exposure to radiation and is used to measure body composition [49]. No radiation exposure. This scale uses bioelectric impedance to estimate your body fat percentage, muscle mass, bone mass, and total body water, in addition to measuring body weight in 0.2-pound and 0.1-kilogram increments.It can support up to eight user profiles, but it does not store any scale data for those users. 9, pp. The most accurate readings were off by about 21%, while the least accurate were off by about 34%. It's usually recommended to combine it with other methods to get a more accurate assessment of body composition. Credit: Tanita. The need to standardise eating, exercise, and both acute and chronic hydration changes are clearly important to provide valid body composition estimations. Background: Bioelectric impedance analysis (BIA) is commonly used in research to assess body composition. 36, no. Body composition in underweight elderly subjects: reliability of bioelectrical impedance analysis. The reliability of . Consequently, it is important that the correct equation is used for the population measured to ensure that any results are valid. The assumption that the hydration fraction of skeletal muscle remains at 73% is based on the chemical analysis of six cadavers as part of the Brussels Cadaver Analysis Study [21]. Bioelectrical impedance methods are often classified by the number of frequencies used for analysis, with BIA often referring to single-frequency devices, whereas multiple-frequency devices are referred to as Bioelectrical Spectroscopy (BIS) as it uses a spectra of frequencies [5]. The validity (the agreement between the true value and a measurement value) of body composition is key to determine the precision of BIA measurement, and its suitability for clinical use. I like looking in the mirror and seeing how . It is also important to understand the reference assessment method used to validate these equations. The location of body fat is an important consideration when assessing a persons susceptibility to disease. Consequently, it is important that the correct equation is used for the population measured to ensure that any results are valid. Results can be affected by hydration levels: BI results can be affected by hydration levels, as dehydrated individuals will have a higher impedance and appear to have less body fat. Verywell Fit's content is for informational and educational purposes only. Using this method doesn't need any training or prior practice. Methods of body composition assessment. BI is a non-invasive, quick, and relatively inexpensive method of measuring body composition. These numbers can be helpful, but there is danger in relying on them too much. A. Jebb, T. J. Cole, D. Doman, P. R. Murgatroyd and A. M. Prentice, Evaluation of the novel Tanita body-fat analyser to measure body composition by comparison with a four-compartment model, British Journal of Nutrition, vol. 3, pp. Hydration and Glycogen Levels This suggests that BIA may provide data that is not sufficiently accurate for determination of individual body composition. Together, body fat scales and BMI can give a general indication of a persons health. Standard measurement conditions may vary depending on the machine type (e.g. Different tissues in your body allow the electrical current to travel at individual speeds. 19, no. Can be used on a variety of populations: BI can be used on a variety of populations, including children, older adults, and individuals with disabilities. Find out more and use our tools to get a better idea of weight, Medical News Today has strict sourcing guidelines and draws only from peer-reviewed studies, academic research institutions, and medical journals and associations. Portable (lightweight equipment). 434-440, 1990. Impact of eating and drinking on body composition measurements by bioelectrical impedance. There are several measurement tools to estimate body fat percentage, each have pros and cons mostly related to difficulty, cost, and availability. When it is assumed that the hydration factor of the fat-free mass is constant and is not different in the obese state, then fat-free mass and thus body fat can be assessed with bioelectrical impedance. Even if you get an accurate reading on a bioimpedance scale, the number represents an estimate of your total body fat percentage. The Pros & Cons of Hydrostatic Testing by Vanessa Newman / in Hobbies Hydrostatic body fat testing measures body mass under water. BIA is an alternative to more invasive and expensive methods like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. For instance, a 2016 study found an association between increased abdominal fat and a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease. 423-427, 1996. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. The path of the electrical current may differ between this method and the hand-held method, and could potentially influence body composition results; though this issue is discussed later in the article. . Cons: Unless you happen to have an underwater scale at . PROS. J Clin Med. Bio-electrical Impedance Analysis or Bioimpedance Analysis (BIA) is a method of assessing your body composition: the measurement of body fat in relation to lean body mass. The accuracy of caliper measurements depends on the experience of the person using them. Content is reviewed before publication and upon substantial updates. The site is secure. There are factors that BMI does not reflect, such as muscle mass. You weigh on land first and then in the water with a special weighing tank. Aging Clin Exp Res. The actual number may not be perfect, but you can still trackchangestoyour body composition. quantities of fat mass and fat-free mass) by running a small electrical current through the body. It's very quick to conduct. This method may be of benefit in a field setting, due to its convenience. A technician can then use a mathematical formula to estimate the persons BFP. This site needs JavaScript to work properly. As mentioned previously, there are several issues with BIA measurement that may limit its use in an applied setting. Therefore, it produced inaccurate estimates. Body fat scales use bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) to estimate the relative percentages of different tissues and substances within the body. You may own it personally and you will come across these machines at gyms and clinics. 58, no. Here, find out the best and worst times to weigh in and how to measure weight accurately at, A pound of body fat contains approximately 3,500 calories. Quick and easy to perform: BI can be completed in just a few minutes and does not require any special preparation or training. The main purpose of the present study was to evaluate the agreement of multi-frequency (MF)-BIA and single-frequency (SF)-BIA with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in the estimation . 4, pp. Exhale all the air present inside the lungs and then hold your breath Overall, studies show that this method is not very accurate although it may be able to track change over time, your results are unlikely to reflect your actual body composition. BIA has been compared to the four-compartment model in several studies using various populations. 54-59, 2013. . Precautions for the BIA bioelectrical impedance analysis method: 1. BIA is an alternative to more invasive and expensive methods like dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, computerized tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. A person sits inside the Bod Pod, which uses highly accurate scales to measure their weight. 2015 Jan;69(1):3-13. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2014.203. 115-122, 2000. S. Sun, C. W. Chumlea, S. B. Heymsfield , H. C. Lukaski, D. Schoeller, K. Friedl, R. J. Kuczmarski, K. M. Flegal, C. L. Johnson and V. S. Hubbard, Development of bioelectrical impedance analysis prediction equations for body composition with the use of a multicomponent model for use in epidemiologic surveys, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, vol. As with the Bod Pod, HUW is typically only available in research laboratories and university settings. MNT Exam 1. Hand-held BIA machines assess the conductance of a small alternating current through the upper-body and use built-in software to calculate body composition after it has been calibrated with the following variables: weight, height, age, and gender [6]. It is important that these equations are validated using a total-body, water-based, four-compartment method, in an attempt to minimise the measurement error that is found when equations are based on the two-compartment model; such as hydrostatic weighing. The Bod Pod uses the weight and volume values to calculate the persons body density. Clin Nutr. Cons: One of the assumptions of a valid BIA assessment is that the body is adequately and consistently hydrated. Journal of Physics Conference Series. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is an easy-to-use and low-cost method for the estimation of fat-free mass (FFM) in physiological and pathological conditions. Individual error rates were greater than at baseline, with BIA underestimating fat mass by 7.5kg in some subjects. Use a BIA Scale to Meet Fitness and Weight Loss Goals. For example, an athlete may be singled-out for interventions to reduce their body fat based on their BIA assessment and normative values, yet other methods may suggest that their body composition is optimal. Read More Created for people with ongoing healthcare needs but benefits everyone. Because the scales can be expensive, you have probably wondered what bioelectrical impedance analysis is and if it is worth paying for. Before Learn about the fundamentals of Agility and even get a practical coaching guide to help you to develop engaging sessions.

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