william the conqueror gray family
So William had three kids we care about: William II, Henry I and Adela. but found "himself bruished and bloody on the ground." Orderic Vitalis later recorded that Odo had aspirations to become pope. Mary was the widow of King Louis XII of France, who had Others, such as H. G. Richardson and G. O. Sayles, see the changes brought about by the Conquest as much less radical than Southern suggests. de Gray, (III) John from whom the most illustrious branches of the house This Edward was a farmer and active in civic affairs. In 1064 William invaded Brittany in a campaign that remains obscure in its details. of the family was in Plymouth in 1643. Although Alexander did give papal approval to the conquest after it succeeded, no other source claims papal support prior to the invasion. by purchase from the Indians. [98], While at Winchester in 1070, William met with three papal legates John Minutus, Peter, and Ermenfrid of Sion who had been sent by the pope. [131], After 1066, William did not attempt to integrate his separate domains into one unified realm with one set of laws. In modern times they have contributed poets, statesmen [137] William's exact motivation in ordering the survey is unclear, but it probably had several purposes, such as making a record of feudal obligations and justifying increased taxation. [15], William faced several challenges on becoming duke, including his illegitimate birth and his youth: the evidence indicates that he was either seven or eight years old at the time. William was the son of the Norman Duke Robert the Magnificent and the unnamed daughter of a tanner. More serious was the retirement of Simon de Crpy, the Count of Amiens, to a monastery. [138], Disorder followed William's death; everyone who had been at his deathbed left the body at Rouen and hurried off to attend to their own affairs. Also, in England, no other coinage was allowed, while on the continent other coinage was considered legal tender. York was captured by the combined forces of Edgar and Sweyn. His marriage to Matilda appears to have been quite affectionate, and there are no signs that he was unfaithful to her unusual in a medieval monarch. [7][c], William was born in 1027 or 1028 at Falaise, Duchy of Normandy, most likely towards the end of 1028. King Philip of France later relieved the siege and defeated William at the Battle of Dol in 1076, forcing him to retreat back to Normandy. Ralph eventually left Norwich in the control of his wife and left England, finally ending up in Brittany. Before this, William had returned to the continent, where Ralph had continued the rebellion from Brittany. They served their country [65] William's western border was thus secured, but his border with Brittany remained insecure. The corpse was too large for the space, and when attendants forced the body into the tomb it burst, spreading a disgusting odour throughout the church. to Robert, Duke of Normandy. [49] Geoffrey Martel described him as without equal as a fighter and as a horseman. William I, byname William the Conqueror or William the Bastard or William of Normandy, French Guillaume le Conqurant or Guillaume le Btard or Guillaume de Normandie, (born c. 1028, Falaise, Normandy [France]died September 9, 1087, Rouen), duke of Normandy (as William II) from 1035 and king of England (as William I) from 1066, one of the greatest soldiers and rulers of the Middle Ages . The Grays were in Wales by 1283 when King Edward created new Marcher The name Gray is of local origin, or, it follows the name of a place [86] The English soldiers formed up as a shield wall along the ridge and were at first so effective that William's army was thrown back with heavy casualties. [58] William was the grandson of Edward's maternal uncle, Richard II of Normandy. Pardon was a grandson of Edward of Tiverton add very active in town government [2] William then marched to Southwark, across the Thames from London, which he reached in late November. most eventful periods of English history. John Gray was married before going to Stapleford, and William was unhorsed by Robert and was only saved from death by an Englishman, Toki son of Wigod, who was himself killed. [2] Although he put two Normans in overall charge, he retained many of the native English sheriffs. afterward queen of Edward IV; Thomas Grey, created Marquis of Dorset in [66], In England, Earl Godwin died in 1053 and his sons were increasing in power: Harold succeeded to his father's earldom, and another son, Tostig, became Earl of Northumbria. manor of Turoc in Essex. [40] Henry and Geoffrey led another invasion of Normandy in 1057 but were defeated by William at the Battle of Varaville. They were among the Pilgrims of New England, the Quakers called Gray. Central to the control of Maine were the holdings of the Bellme family, who held Bellme on the border of Maine and Normandy, as well as the fortresses at Alenon and Domfront. During the reign of Queen Elizabeth I of England, Archbishop Matthew Parker saw the Conquest as having corrupted a purer English Church, which Parker attempted to restore. 1. Medieval chroniclers frequently referred to 11th-century events only by the season, making more precise dating impossible. I have therefore made yet another attempt the produce the Descendants of William the Conqueror in text . Gray, had become proprietors of the island of Nantasket in Boston Harbor William placed supporters in charge of these new fortifications among them William Peverel at Nottingham and Henry de Beaumont at Warwick. The Whitsun council saw the appointment of Lanfranc as the new Archbishop of Canterbury, and Thomas of Bayeux as the new Archbishop of York, to replace Ealdred, who had died in September 1069. Columbia river in Washington state. One became a nun, and the other, Matilda, married, How illegitimacy was viewed by the church and lay society was undergoing a change during this period. [1] The brothers had been at odds over the succession, and Richard's death was sudden. Henry attempted to dislodge William, but the siege of Thimert dragged on for two years until Henry's death. [2] She later married Herluin de Conteville, with whom she had two sons Odo of Bayeux and Count Robert of Mortain and a daughter whose name is unknown. Many Grays of this line were sailors, ship owners, ship captains and The exact reasons are unclear, as no contemporary author recorded what caused the quarrel between the half-brothers. The rest of his life was marked by struggles to consolidate his hold over England and his continental lands, and by difficulties with his eldest son, Robert Curthose. [54] To oversee his expanded domain, William was forced to travel even more than he had as duke. [13] Conditions in Normandy were unsettled, as noble families despoiled the Church and Alan III of Brittany waged war against the duchy, possibly in an attempt to take control. There are a few like [2], Throughout the summer, William assembled an army and an invasion fleet in Normandy. William responded swiftly, ignoring a continental revolt in Maine, and symbolically wore his crown in the ruins of York on Christmas Day 1069. Conan's death in 1066 further secured William's borders in Normandy. From there, he ravaged the interior and waited for Harold's return from the north, refusing to venture far from the sea, his line of communication with Normandy. [2], William left England towards the end of 1086. His As King Edward's heir, he controlled all of the former royal lands. [109] Ralph was at least part Breton and had spent most of his life prior to 1066 in Brittany, where he still had lands. This tomb was again destroyed during the French Revolution but was eventually replaced with the current ledger stone. Guillaume "Le Btard", or William the Conqueror, transformed the Middle Ages and laid the foundations of a new Europe. and enlisted the sympathies of the world. William gave generously to the church;[56] from 1035 to 1066, the Norman aristocracy founded at least twenty new monastic houses, including William's two monasteries in Caen, a remarkable expansion of religious life in the duchy. This was the last invasion of Normandy during William's lifetime. coin. A further blow was the death of Queen Matilda on 2 November 1083. life and of her heroic death will long illuminate the pages of one of the There were apparently no Grays on the Mayflower. as being worthy to be remembered for valiant services rendered, was J. While his father Robert was the Duke of Normandy, his mother was no duchess. These controversies have led to William being seen by some historians either as one of the creators of England's greatness or as inflicting one of the greatest defeats in English history. Fulbert was also William the Conqueror's Great Chamberlain. left Tiverton to settle all across the country. Before he became a monk, Simon handed his county of the Vexin over to King Philip. Another consequence of William's invasion was the sundering of the formerly close ties between England and Scandinavia. His holdings included nine thirtieths of the [s] William was able to make peace with Philip in 1077 and secured a truce with Count Fulk in late 1077 or early 1078. 1476; and Lady Jane Grey who was queen of England for a few days. taken to England where he was imprisioned. 10711087)", "Robert, duke of Normandy (b. in or after 1050, d. 1134)", "Les femmes dans l'histoire du duch de Normandie (Women in the history of ducal Normandy)", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=William_the_Conqueror&oldid=1152709080, This page was last edited on 1 May 2023, at 21:01. Norman coins had a much lower silver content, were often of poor artistic quality, and were rarely re-minted. There are those like Captain He married Matilda of Flanders in 1051, in Normandy, France. [88], Harold's body was identified the day after the battle, either through his armour or marks on his body. [123], Maine continued to be difficult, with a rebellion by Hubert de Beaumont-au-Maine, probably in 1084. de Gray, who was in high favor with King Richard I and King John. [2], Norman government under William was similar to the government that had existed under earlier dukes. captured Reginald. William the Conqueror; Issue Detail: Robert II, Duke of Normandy Richard Adeliza Cecilia William II, King of England Constance, Duchess of Brittany Adela, Countess of Blois Henry I, King of England . [115], In late 1077 or early 1078 trouble began between William and his eldest son, Robert. [60] The trip is unlikely given William's absorption in warfare with Anjou at the time. His daughter, Arlotta, is said to have been the mother of William the Conqueror. [73], William of Poitiers describes a council called by Duke William, in which the writer gives an account of a great debate that took place between William's nobles and supporters over whether to risk an invasion of England. William, Duke of Normandy, conquered England in 1066. Hereward's forces attacked Peterborough Abbey, which they captured and looted. Wikimedia Commons. [33] Geoffrey attempted to expand his authority into the county of Maine, especially after the death of Hugh IV of Maine in 1051. [2], There are indications that Robert may have been briefly betrothed to a daughter of King Cnut, but no marriage took place. and Maine. If you have any information concerning any of these people, or [132], Besides taxation, William's large landholdings throughout England strengthened his rule. worldwide traders. [27] In early 1047 Henry and William returned to Normandy and were victorious at the Battle of Val-s-Dunes near Caen, although few details of the actual fighting are recorded. [118], Word of William's defeat at Gerberoi stirred up difficulties in northern England. After entrusting England to his second son, the elder William sent the younger William back to England on 7 or 8 September, bearing a letter to Lanfranc ordering the archbishop to aid the new king. [112], The exact reason for the rebellion is unclear, but it was launched at the wedding of Ralph to a relative of Roger, held at Exning in Suffolk. Abraham Gray is mentioned as among the Pilgrim refugees at Leyden, It is believed that John Gray of Stapleford Tawney descended from the Thomas, baptized July 16, 1620 (no further mention). It appears that the Gray family was from Harwich, Essex, as a John and [94] But the families of Harold and his brothers lost their lands, as did some others who had fought against William at Hastings. [134], William continued the collection of Danegeld, a land tax. [94] Waltheof was married to William's niece Judith, daughter of his half-sister Adelaide,[95] and a marriage between Edwin and one of William's daughters was proposed. Emma went into exile in Flanders until Harthacnut became king following Harold's death in 1040, and his half-brother Edward followed Harthacnut to England; Edward was proclaimed king after Harthacnut's death in June 1042. In 1402 Owain, William I ruled England from 1066 until his death in 1087. [29] Although the Battle of Val-s-Dunes marked a turning point in William's control of the duchy, it was not the end of his struggle to gain the upper hand over the nobility. [50] He was strong enough to draw bows that others were unable to pull and had great stamina. Each shire was administered by a royal official called a sheriff, who roughly had the same status as a Norman viscount. Holland, in 1622. of this family were for centuries seated in Westminster and in other sections Ralph also requested Danish aid. all apparently descended from one parent stock and one origin. children: Richard, baptized August 1608, buried October 9, 1613.
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